During the election campaign, D. Trump did not focus on the IRA problem. This means that Afghanistan initially was not included in the priority areas of the US foreign policy strategy. Promoting the policy of non-interference, D. Trump actively criticized his predecessors for wasting the federal budget and resources for missions that did not meet national interests. Nevertheless, in recent months, Washington has begun to actively engage in Afghan issues.
Central Asia is one of the top priorities of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As part of the “Foreign Policy Concept for 2014-2020 of the Republic of Kazakhstan” Kazakhstan is interested in the regional stability and security development of Central Asian states, and actively supports and spearheads initiatives on the strengthening of intra-regional integration [1]. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are two fraternal countries that have a 25-year long history of close cooperation. The common historical heritage, along with deep cultural, religious and linguistic connections, remain the core of mutually beneficial and friendly relations between the countries.
To date, the civil war in Syria is one of the most dangerous regional conflicts, which is capable to start a global military conflict under adverse development of events. Since 2011, it claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people, destroying the country and destabilizing the situation in the Middle East; more than 5 million Syrians fled their homes [1] (mainly to the countries of the European Union). The United States and its NATO allies have been on the verge of starting a direct confrontation with Russia because of the Syrian conflict.
Kazakhstan and the United States have been successfully cooperating in the field of global nuclear security over the past decades. Along the way, Astana and Washington have achieved impressive successes. There is every reason to believe that a close dialogue between our countries on nuclear security will continue to deepen.
After the collapse of the world socialist system in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) fall outside the priorities of China’s foreign and foreign economic policy because of the transition of the countries of the region to Western democracy and market economy, as well as their course towards joining the EU and NATO. China considered CEE as the ideological, political and economic periphery of the Western world and did not see prospects to compete with the EU in the region.
Chinese-European cooperation in various fields is becoming an increasingly important factor in world economy and politics. The role of this factor becomes ever more significant as the relations deteriorate between the EU and the USA, and between the EU and Russia.
In recent years, China-Russia relations have been engaged in a complex development process. In the new conditions of a complex and volatile international situation, sustainable and resilient development of Sino-Russian relations is essential both for countries and their peoples, and for adjacent regions and the world as a whole. The international and regional situation has evolved considerably in connection with the conflicts in Ukraine, Syria, the nuclear crisis on the Korean peninsula, the South China Sea disputes. The countries had to stand a test connected with these conflicts, the situation put them the choice, the need to work out a unified position, and on many issues the approaches, the course of action and the political course differed. It is important that, despite this, China and Russia have maintained a strategic partnership and a high level of mutual trust, demonstrating the reliability of bilateral ties.
In recent months, the People’s Republic of China has significantly intensified its policy in the Middle East, including with regard to Syria. This is due to a number of vital causes affecting the economy, foreign trade and security.
In 2017, the population of China amounted to 1,378 billion people. PRC has developed the maximum rate for many years; the birth rate greatly exceeded the death rate. China has taken some measures to normalize the total population. In 1979, China introduced the principle of “one family – one child”, because it became obvious that a large population needs more resources. In case of violation of this rule, the parents must pay a large fine, and were subjected to other serious penalties, including dismissal from the civil service and exclusion from the ranks of the Communist party of China (CPC).
The change in the correlation of forces between the East and the West becomes one of the most important trends of the modern era. Therefore, many experts believe that the main content of world politics for the next decade is referred to as the global geopolitical confrontation between China and America.
China expanded its “Belt and Road” initiative by including an Arctic sea route, which connect the country with Europe. Thus, China stressed the growing economic and strategic importance of the polar region.
The situation around the islands in the South China Sea is heated by the fact that the aspiring countries are beginning to expand their military presence in the disputed territories. The main disputed territories are the Spratly Islands (Chinese – Nansha, Vietnamese – Quandao Truong Sa), Paracels (Chinese – Xisha, Vietnamese – Hoangsa) and Scarborough Shoal (Chinese – Huangyang Dao, Phillip .- Panatag). China has considered these territories as its own. China, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia all have competing claims to this areas.
The socio-economic situation in Afghanistan is of great concern to the international community. The large-scale Afghan conflict, along with political instability, negatively impacts the country’s socio-economic development: the macroeconomic situation is attributable to unsustainable growth; the main economic and social indicators are at a critical level.
