The current decade for the Levant countries was marked by such powerful cataclysms as the «Arab Spring» and the merge of international terrorism with politicization of Islam. Both phenomena were the result of complex political, cultural and socio-economic processes that led to the global changes in the Middle East. The events of the «Arab spring» allowed terrorism to learn new forms and methods of adaptation to social changes, corresponding to the new processes in the region, which led to the formation of the international terrorist organization «Islamic State» («IS»).

After the attempted coup, the Turkish government continues the course of a more confident and assertive domestic and foreign policy, to which the international community reacts ambiguously. In particular, the active policy of R.T.Erdoğan causes concern among European powers that consider certain measures of state policy (mass arrests and purges) to be anti-democratic. Relations between the partners have deteriorated significantly, and the negotiations on EU accession have reached an impasse. Long years of negotiation processes and the efforts of the interested powers might prove in vain, as on the EU agenda is the reorientation of priorities, including a complete re-examination of relations with Turkey.